Photodynamic Therapy

A Modern Light-Based Therapeutic Approach

Light has been used in healing practices for centuries. The concept of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) as a medical treatment first emerged in the early 1900s and has since evolved into a highly targeted, non-invasive technique. 

PDT relies on the interaction of three key components: 

  • A photosensitizing agent  
  • Oxygen 
  • A specific wavelength of light 

When these components are combined, they produce a reaction that is lethal to abnormal or infected cells. This therapy has demonstrated effectiveness against bacterial, viral, and fungal (mycotic) infections and shows strong potential in targeting various types of cancer cells. 

PDT has shown positive clinical outcomes in conditions like: 

  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma 
  • Cutaneous melanoma 
  • Head and neck tumors 

It may also offer enhanced therapeutic effects when used in combination with conventional cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. 

Mechanism of Action

Photodynamic Therapy works at a cellular level through the following steps:

The photosensitizer is activated by light, transferring energy to molecular oxygen.

This energy transfer generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).

ROS cause oxidative damage to vital cellular components—lipids, proteins, and DNA—leading to cell death.

Depending on the treatment dose and tissue context, the cell death may occur via:

Apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Necrosis (uncontrolled cell damage)

Autophagy (self-digestion of damaged cells)

Clinical Applications of PDT

Oncology

Targets tumors in the head and neck with minimal damage to surrounding tissue

Infectious Diseases

Acts as a potent antimicrobial agent against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections

Neurology

Investigated for its potential to reduce oxidative stress and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Wound Healing

Promotes angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), enhances tissue regeneration, and prevents infection

Dermatology

Treats acne, psoriasis, sun-damaged skin, and non-melanoma skin cancers

FAQs

Have questions ? We have answers.

What are the common side effects of this treatment?

Local effects may include: 

  • Temporary redness 
  • Swelling 

These symptoms are usually mild and resolve on their own. 

Systemic effects are rare, but may include: 

  • Nausea 
  • Photosensitivity (increased sensitivity to sunlight) 

If you experience severe or prolonged symptoms, contact us. 

Yes. The treatment is contraindicated in individuals with: 

  • G6PD deficiency (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) 
  • Pregnancy 
  • Known hypersensitivity to methylene blue